Rules of Punctuation ( The Semicolon)

 The Semicolon

(a) To separate clauses which could stand as sentences but which are "closely related" especially:

(i) When the second clause expands or explains the first:

e.g. Neither of us spoke; we merely waited in silence to see what would happen.

(ii) When the clauses describe a sequence of actions or different aspects of the same topic.

e.g. There was a sharp, bracing air; the ground was dry; the sea was crisp and clear.

(iii) Before independent clauses beginning with even so, so, therefore, for instance, nevertheless, then etc:

e.g. He took great rare; even so, he made a few errors.

(iv) To suggest a contrast:

e.g. I like swimming; my sister hates it.

(In all the above examples periods could have been used but would have been two abrupt.)

(b) To mark off a series of Phrases (or clauses) which themselves contain commas.

e.g. You will need the following: some scrap paper; a pen, preferable blue or black; some envelopes; and some good, white, unlined writing-paper.